Figure 2. M4 lesion before and after removal of the overlying hyperkeratotic scab, showing ulcerated tissue where invasion of pathogens has caused severe damage to the epidermis.

Infection reservoirs and transmission of digital dermatitis in the dairy herd

The most recently calculated reproduction ratio (R0) for DD is 2.36, meaning that in the absence of control measures it is expected that each case will give rise to 2.36 further cases (Biemans et al,...