It is not usually possible to determine the aetiology of BRD based on clinical examination alone; signs consistent with pneumonia are often observed irrespective of the causative agent. Both bacterial...
There are two broad strategies that a host may use to manage the impacts of infection. The first, and more familiar, is resistance, which is the ability of the host to prevent infection or reduce...
The mucosa is the largest component of the immune system, providing a first line of defence against encountered pathogens. The gastrointestinal mucosa is highly specialised and, uniquely, needs to...
The definition of FTPI has often been stated to be a serum IgG concentration of less than 10 mg/ml. While calves with serum IgG concentration below this cutpoint are consistently found to be at...