The liver fluke life cycle takes around 20 weeks to complete and requires a snail intermediate host (Figure 1). Mature flukes (Figure 2) reside in the liver of the definitive host. Fluke eggs are...
Mature herpes virions vary from 120–260 nm in size. The core of the virion comprises double-stranded DNA held inside a 115–130 nm icosahedral capsid. The nucleocapsid is surrounded by a dense...
Preventive medicine and health planning are the cornerstones of farm animal veterinary practice. Genetic selection is preventive medicine in its purest form – by choosing to breed animals with a low...
It is June in North Somerset and the NADIS (2023) forecast shows a high risk for period for myiasis. A client with a flock of 60 Poll Dorset ewes has called because one of the rams has a large area of...
The introduction of relatively more efficacious and safe parasite treatments can conveniently be traced from the early 1960s, though many of the older treatments were still in use at this time. A book...
Accurate and early diagnosis of BRD is a critical facet of any management programme. All too frequently there are delays in identifying animals requiring treatment or an acceptance of a low level of...
Several automated methods of lameness detection are available for use in cattle, typically using one (or a combination) of three methodologies (Table 1)..
Neospora infection in cattle can occur through vertical transmission (cow to calf) or horizontal transmission (Figure 1). Spread from cow to cow is not possible and this protozoan parasite requires a...
Phyto-oestrogens are all non-steroidal compounds that can bind to oestrogen receptors. The compounds found in plants of agricultural and veterinary importance include isoflavones and coumestans. The...
![Figure 1. Holstein cow at referral following a 3 day course of marbofloxacin and meloxicam. Figure 2. The same cow 6 weeks later after a change in antibiotic therapy to penicillin [Video 1]. Similar cases are shown in Videos 2 and 3.](/media/iw4buyke/live2022275215_f01.jpg?width=1120&height=747&format=webp&quality=80&bgcolor=White&v=1d9cb9bd1ceca20)
cow 6 weeks later after a change in antibiotic therapy to penicillin.
Digital dermatitis is a polymicrobial infection, with many hundreds of bacterial species found in lesions (Krull et al, 2014; Zinicola et al, 2015). Changes in bacterial populations and relative...
Many possible causes of abomasal ulcers have been suggested and investigated but the aetiology of them is still not definitively known. It is commonly accepted that a disruption in the balance between...
The importance of Mycoplasma bovis in causing and contributing to respiratory disease in cattle has been highlighted over recent years, however, it still remains a significant challenge to UK farmers....
NSAIDs work by targeting the pro-inflammatory pathway and preventing synthesis of proinflammatory substances. They prevent the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins and thromboxane, by...
Accurate and early diagnosis of BRD is a critical facet of any therapeutic programme. All too frequently there are delays in identifying animals requiring treatment or an acceptance of a low level of...