Eduardo Velazquez

Swine Veterinary Service Manager UK and IE, Ceva Animal Health

The role of Clostridium perfringens in neonatal diarrhoea and the importance of effective control

C. perfringens is a Gram-positive rod-shaped anaerobic bacteria that is classified into 5 types (A-E) based on the toxins it secretes, including the four main toxins alpha (CPA), beta (CPB), elipson...

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae as a causative agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia

M. hyopneumoniae is 200–500 nm in size and requires complex media and aerobic and microaerophilic conditions to be cultured. Infection with M. hyopneumoniae occurs via inhalation of infected aerosols...

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: a review of an economically important pathogen

A. pleuropneumoniae is a Gram-negative encapsulated coccobacillus bacterium which produces fine fimbriae, capsules and secretes toxins. The bacterium is classified based on its requirement for...

Oedema disease: a review of the disease and control and preventative measures

E. coli is a bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine of animals. Non-pathogenic, intestinal E. coli (commensal E. coli) support the physiological intestinal balance of the host,...

The impact of swine influenza and how to control it on farm

Swine influenza is caused by influenza A virus which is an orthomyxovirus 80–120 nm in diameter, comprising eight pieces of segmented RNA coding for 12 proteins, including haemagglutinin (HA),...

Salmonella spp. in pigs: an update on diagnostics and control

Sampling on farm is important to determine the areas of the unit which have high environmental Salmonella spp. contamination. The most common samples include individual pig faeces, pooled faeces...