Dorothy McKeegan

Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow School of Veterinary Medicine, Glasgow, UK

Figure 2. Cow and calf following successful completion of stage 2 parturition. Image courtesy of K. Ellis, reproduced with permission.
Cattle

Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at calving

Calving is a complex process with three recognised stages (Figures 1 and 2), each associated with different sources of pain. Pain is a subjective experience defined by the International Association...